Why say no after 4G 5G it?

Before you start to talk about this topic in the history of wireless communications

Mobile Technology G, E, 3G, 3G +, H, H + or 4G BD 

To facilitate us to understand, starting with the terminal side, that is, we usually use the phone starts, so we are more easy to understand, after all, most people just use the phone, as the wireless network is a communications network is not clear how it does not care. But the communications network in order to support your application, not the back of the communications network supporting wireless network, your phone with a brick lacks distinction. And the demand side of the phone, to borrow more fashionable word is your pain points, will influence the direction of communications networks. So from here to begin with, I believe we are relatively easy to understand, after all, most people are not communication specialists.

Welcome to the LTE 4G world.

Remember BB call, cellular phones do, used to look behind the Hong Kong gangster movie has a little brother to take the phone, that phone with brick-like, very very heavy, that is Big Brother, one called a prestige envy ah. Of course, then as early as before the hand-cranked telephone, magnet phone, most people probably have not seen the kind, only seen in war movies, and now we have mobile phones to the Internet, watch movies, take pictures, to navigate, almost omnipotent communication development in recent years, especially the fast development of wireless communications, speed. Before seemingly sci-fi movie, present around us realizes, electronic technology is the fastest growing industry of mankind, just 100 years of development beyond our imagination.

From the initial 1973 invention Motorola analog radio communications, launched the world's first wireless communication terminal, that is above that of Big Brother, and later the function machine to NOKIA represented, and now Apple's wisdom phone era. Functions of the terminal more powerful, is no longer a simple phone call, but an individual action terminals, mobile network connection anytime, anywhere. Upgrading the terminal faster and faster, 3G today tomorrow 4G, a new term, new concepts, new technology seems every day, forcing us phone users have always a new machine, or to keep up with the times.

A few years ago Apple 4 out experience a 3G high-speed data services, to be honest often Rom, the speed is no publicity so fast, traffic charges and often exceeded. This does not just use a few years, said to be on 4G, remember that personal face comparison chart 3G, 4G publicity on it? For everyone to see, how exaggerated.

4G is coming that people have distorted facial skin. Since 4G licensing, online on circulating such a piece:

"Under 4G environment, if you forgot to turn off the flow of sleep, the next day the house owned by a telecommunications company."

This shows that this rate is much faster. Results 4G not spend a lot of people, and now began to promote its 5G, and this renewal too quickly. 5G-called Internet speed a thousand times faster than 4G, this speed estimation can not imagine, download a movie probably spike.

From a technical point of view, the first generation of analog to digital communications Mobile communications GSM technology that is revolutionary leap, analog communications jamming poor, machine integration and Wisdom is not high, known as the Big Brother may be stoned people , that it is too big and bulky. To the GSM digital communications era, the representative, such as NOKIA mobile phones, because of the computer technology and software technology has greatly improved, but also greatly enhance the degree of integration, the phone has done very compact, and because of the anti-digital communications interference and secrecy greatly enhanced call more clearly safe. Instantly improve the user experience, GSM is developing rapidly in popularity.

NOKIA is the year to take advantage of this wave of the tide of the rapid rise, growing into a global attention of large companies, cellular phone global communications industry. Write here before recall watching a program networks: a Chinese man in 1993 spent 17,000 yuan to buy a cellular phone, but this is not the most expensive, the most expensive and spent 17,500 won before on the network, In order to use this phone to say he spent a total of 34,500. 1993 of 34,500 that is how much money the country.

But the ensuing years, the use of cell phone knows, except in smaller, long standby, some of the lace cottage features such as the above doing the articles, no revolutionary function appears. This time is more than the price of basic phone, China is this good at these, Shenzhen Huaqiang North is filled to build mobile phones, each phone has almost, both the functional quality, basic no essential difference.

This time to buy a mobile phone selection criterion is who cheaper to buy who. At that time, many mobile phone manufacturers have been converting closed, more industry-leading companies to sell the terminal is no longer even say into this area, because we feel that the phone has nothing playable, in addition to fight price spell costs, has been difficult to make money a .

Until the emergence of Apple's smartphone, Jobs let people around the world suddenly shines, Jobs was a true master, so that everyone was surprised to find the phone so you can play the original, but also provide so many features. The emergence of smart phones to promote the development of mobile networks, which began in earnest after the mobile networks, due to the development of mobile networks, the original wireless network appears behind, because the original wireless communication network mainly for voice services, which is used to call, data and Internet capability is weak. This time it is necessary to upgrade the wireless communication network, otherwise your phone has become a piece of brick. About wireless communication network development, we described in detail later in the web space.

To be honest, your phone is very easy to become a brick, because it involves a lot of aspects, any part of a problem, your phone becomes a brick, do not be surprised, that is the truth.

Since the development of terminals to promote the development of mobile networks, the development of mobile networks and wireless communication networks to be forced to upgrade to support higher bandwidth, higher speed, Wi-Fi Forced continuous development. The development of communications networks and to promote the development of mobile networks to provide more and better services, and promote the terminal becomes more powerful, the development of mutual mutually promote the formation of benign loop, the momentum of a great future is bright.

But now, the development of smart phones also seems to have encountered the same problem before the functional machine has been no revolutionary function appeared, as the technology matures, it is estimated will be more serious subsequent homogenization, the price of cabbage machine should be is coming to.

Having said terminal network development for our history

This is the focus of our discussion today, after all, with respect to the network, the terminal simpler and more easily understood, we use every day, it does not take too much effort to explain.

The first-generation analog wireless communication network, which is engaged in the cellular phone company Motorola, the 1970s turned out, it is shining. Since early, many people may never used. But you can certainly tell you, when the network in addition to voice calls do anything, can not send SMS, and call the effect is not how kind, big noise, in most cases could not hear, because vulnerable to interference ah; Many places did not signal, less base station ah; and maybe the high-frequency radios in the vicinity, but also overheard his phone content, because there is no encryption, confidentiality poor ah. This is the first generation of antique stuff, although the novel is an epoch-making product, but really not very good with them, absolutely not worth the time to spend a higher price.

Later, a second generation digital communication network GSM started its rapid popularity, GSM is worked out in Europe in the 1990s a second generation digital communications standard, this is different from the previous analogy communications networks, advanced communications network truly modern sense, it is advanced. Many people first contact and the use of mobile communications systems is this.

The United States comes out of the same period corresponds to the standard CDMA, which is the standard communication 2G era, when China Unicom CDMA standard is used, while China is the action construction GSM network, since the GSM standard and the introduction of more openness Earlier, the state in the international community to use more, so in fact than CDMA uses the GSM standard range, this was also a reason why the China Unicom beat action. (Editor's note: This is the situation in China, and Taiwan is formed when the GSM, only the Asia-Pacific Telecommunity use CDMA)

 After the emergence of 2G 3G network construction, which is the emergence of smart phones, mobile network after the development of the necessary requirement for a wireless communication network, you must provide a wider and faster data services, which leads to a wireless communications network why the need to constantly upgrade, constantly upgrading reasons.

Here we look at the way sympathize carriers, also weighed down by these technologies do, constantly upgrading, originally planned to invest a benefit ten years or decades, but due to technical upgrading, just built a few years the Internet and the need to upgrade. We look after the GSM launch, behind GPRS / EDGE, to the back of 3G, 4G, and constantly upgrading.

And it also involves different 3G technology world standard (with CDMA2000, WCDMA, TDS-CDMA), the telecommunications company is not easy, in order to build the 3G network, you need to network formed three sets of different standards, equivalent to three times the investment money operating the 3G network. Of course, due to the worldwide promotion of the WCDMA standard early and openness is good, made on the development of first-mover advantage, the other two standards eventually decline, carriers network construction on CDMA2000 and TDS-CDMA 3G standard two inputs, Almost boondoggle, investment income than ultra-low. Speaking of the estimated telecommunications and action faint cry in the toilet, we have been able to send a few more bonuses, the results of all to the equipment manufacturers, suppliers of standard.

Later 4G standards while doing unified, to avoid duplication of investment, but also sub-standard two TDD and FDD, FDD-LTE is the global mainstream standard of 4G, TDD-LTE is more suitable for hot areas dense distribution network. With 3G, you can not simply be seen as two different standards, in fact, two kinds of 4G TDD and FDD standard is its own advantages, each with strengths, can be considered to solve different scenarios scheme.

By the end of 2013 China issued a TDD 4G license, started to enter the 4G era.

Unfortunately, not 4G build long, a lot of people have not had time to spend estimate, no experience is how fast 4G, 5G concept would then Hande loudly, and now should be the most accurate of the telecommunications provider. 4G has just finished construction investment, they began to shout a 5G, 4G construction investment earnings have not seen a penny, so I go on telecommunications equipment manufacturers and dealers are not as white to work, earn money to buy equipment a whole.

Well, the historical development of the basic terminal and network finished, everyone on communications development have a general understanding, but do not worry, we have to talk about the technical aspects, because I do not speak technical discussions on this topic is not clear, also I can not conclude this article. Why do I say "after 4G there is no tomorrow."

In fact the current communications technology we use, whether it is a computer, chip, optical transmission, wireless modulation, coding, Moore's Law, these new words, although dazzle professional enough, but the theoretical basis behind the technology used in these are five of the last century Theory sixties, although the development of so many years, but did not break these basic theory, but the basis of these theoretical optimization techniques. That is, now these products and technologies, and the product is essentially the fifties and sixties of the last century, the no difference, but technology has been tremendous progress, faster, smaller and more refined than the original. Marathon like 100 years ago, although we wear shoes better, more smooth road, the athletes run faster than before, but still in the running essentially unchanged.

Starting from analog communications, wireless communication signals to be transmitted are coupled through the signal source to send and receive wireless carriers on the basis of which is the wireless communication, whether data or voice traffic, are so transferred, the essence of decades has not changed. To make it easier to explain to understand, we can make a simple analogy, you can put a wireless carrier as a lane on the road, the car ran on the driveway can be seen that we need to send and receive information.

So in order to transfer more information faster (increased bandwidth), inevitable to increase the number of vehicles running on the lane (to improve the efficiency of the carrier), and greatly increase the number of lanes (increase the number of carriers). These existing wireless communications, has a corresponding technical means and substantially realized, similar to FDD / TDD / OFDM these technical terms, is to increase vehicle lane means to increase, interested students can study in depth look at specific.

However, this method work?

Unlimited vehicle lane can increase it, when the driveway is lined with cars, the road turned into the parking lot, but also to increase the number of vehicles it? Obviously not the.

Then the lane can infinitely increase? If the land allows it appears to be unlimited widening of the road, repair a two-way 100-lane road is not impossible. But in real life land resources are limited, it is impossible such a waste of resources to build roads. Then add layer is not able to better increase the driveway? One two-story three, the elevated road in the city regarded as the subway, an additional layer, in theory, can increase the number of lanes doubled without increasing the land area, appears to be a good measure.

But one thing still have differences, but different physical locations lane or height, and will not interfere with each other, which means that as long as the land area is large enough height high enough, theoretically you can repair unlimited number of lanes, build infinitely wide road; but resources are limited radio waves, radio waves of different frequencies at different locations like the lane, but due to the influence of radio wave propagation characteristics, radio frequency wireless communication can be used there is a range, that is The total number of lanes is limited, not unlimited. Since there is a limit, then the width will be limited, the transmission rate can not be increased indefinitely, that is, in the current theoretical basis, we can not increase indefinitely driveway.

So in order to run more cars, people wanted a lot of ways, such as code compression, TDD / FDD, OFDM, air classification, the technology is very good, indeed improved a lot, but can not solve the problem essentially. On a similar build highways, the ground is not wide enough, in order to increase the lane how to do it, can only increase the level, need to continue to increase if it is coupled with one lane, the current rate of increase in wireless communications in this manner substantially similar. No way, because there is no basis for theoretical breakthrough, all the improvements just optimization, not change, only tinkering, not a qualitative leap in essence, whether 3G, 4G or 5G.

But in real life we ​​did not see two layers, three layers of highways, elevated roads are also rare in urban areas, and is a relatively prosperous city center, which is why? I believe most people can understand this, is the reason the cost of repair overhead or underground three-dimensional transportation, cost is too high, the general increase in traffic capacity of the road only way is to increase the driveway.

Here, I believe most people understand, so-called 3G, 4G, 5G, saying that white is by constantly increasing the number of carriers to increase bandwidth, and in order to increase the number of carriers, pay increasingly high cost, technical difficulties also increased exponentially, more and more complex equipment, the integration of increasingly high degree of reliability required.

But there is a marginal effect, when a certain degree, such an increase does not make sense, because the input-output uneconomical. This is the reality we do not see reasons for multilayer highway.

Some people may say it does not matter ah, anyway, implementation is done by the manufacturer, I just use the complex is not complicated I do not care, I just handy on the trip, indeed. Here to be assumed that, if I was a real estate developer, and if there is no story technical constraints, I took a 100-story floor to sell you, you will not want to?

Since the story volume rate is high, the price is estimated to be cheaper than ordinary housing will point perimeter. But you certainly do not want to, and why? Because our current building safety and other basic theory no big changes before, home or traditional lifestyle under circumstances, living in such a high floor there will be a lot of problems.

That is why there is no breakthrough in the basic theory before, using traditional methods will come to reason dead end, the situation reached the limit go elsewhere will appear. Unless the basic theory breakthrough occurs, otherwise it will become increasingly difficult.

Remember we said earlier article then? Your cell phone can easily be turned into stone. Because as systems become more complex, more and more realize the links, the possibility of your phone will only become more and more stones. I believe we have the experience, we can call when there are signals, but no 3G, 4G signals, not the Internet.

So I think 4G, 5G's fool throat that end, in particular, carriers of the change of thinking of networking, because so go only a dead end, no way out. Also advised in 4G, 5G equipment research colleagues also the change of thinking, because maybe you will soon be out of a job.

Then there is no solution to solve this problem?

Currently there are still watching.

First one, if you want to solve this problem in essence, there must be a breakthrough basic theory, such as quantum communication similar to the inside of the quantum entanglement and the like.
These basic theory breakthrough will completely change the way existing communication, just like cars in the ground running, you can instead fly in the sky, but also the parallel world in multidimensional space shuttle. Essence has changed, all the problems before that is not a problem.

But the basic theory from the fifties and sixties of the last century, was discovered up to now, basically no new theory was born, in order to break easier said than done, so this way in the short term the basic game.

In addition to whether there is a better solution ideas, I think it is. Or to the transportation analogy, from country lanes to the highway, from bicycles to aircraft rocket, which is a three-dimensional traffic, to meet different needs, not only run on the highway and ran oxcart plane, it will not appear in a person oxcart had to catch a plane at the same time.

Communication is similar, there still has to move fast there is a slow, there are also narrowband broadband, different needs at different spatial combinations, different options at different times to be realized.